What is the impact of using harder shot materials like steel versus lead?

Using harder shot materials like steel versus lead can result in tighter shot patterns. This is primarily due to the physical properties of the materials. Steel is generally denser and harder than lead, which means that when it is fired, the pellets tend to maintain their shape better and resist deformation upon firing, leading to more consistent patterns.

Tighter shot patterns are advantageous in hunting situations, particularly when targets are small or at greater distances, as they increase the likelihood of hitting the desired area on the target. Hunters often seek tighter patterns for better accuracy and effectiveness, especially when targeting faster-moving animals.

Lead, on the other hand, is softer and more malleable, which can result in deformation of the pellets upon firing and during flight, potentially spreading the shot pattern wider than intended. While this can increase the likelihood of hitting an animal, it may not provide the precision desired in specific hunting scenarios.

The other options, such as better expansion upon impact, increased cost of ammunition, and simplified ammunition selection, do not directly relate to the primary advantage of using harder shot materials like steel in terms of shot patterns. Hence, the focus on tighter shot patterns highlights a significant characteristic of using steel over lead in hunting situations.